Features of Nervous System Damage in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Depending on Body Mass Index (BMI)

Abstract

T2DM is a chronic metabolic disorder with great threats to global health; the disease affects many organs and organ systems, including the nervous system. The most debilitating complication associated with T2DM is neuropathy, a condition involving the peripheral nerves, damage of which leads to various unpleasant symptoms such as painful tingling and numbness, further accompanied by loss of motor functions. This study will look into the correlation between BMI and the extent, nature, and severity of nervous system damage in T2DM patients.

In a comprehensive cohort of patients with different levels of BMI, an in-depth analysis of neuropathic complications was done by assessing sensory and motor dysfunctions. Advanced diagnostic tools, such as nerve conduction studies and clinical evaluations, were employed to quantify the extent of nerve damage. Our results indicated that higher BMI levels are strongly associated with an increased risk and greater severity of diabetic neuropathy. Indeed, overweight and obese patients showed significantly higher sensory and motor deficits than patients with normal BMI. Moreover, the study indicates that the type of neuropathy might also vary according to the category of BMI, as some subtypes may be more common among patients with a high BMI.

These findings put weight management at the front line for the prevention, delay, and mitigation of the progression of diabetic neuropathy. Control of BMI by lifestyle modification, dietary approach, and medical intervention may lead to a significant reduction in the risk of developing nerve damage and its complications in patients with T2DM. Our study emphasizes that weight management should be a priority among health providers as part of T2DM care and the implementation of targeted interventions to lessen the burden of diabetic neuropathy. Further studies investigating the mechanisms by which BMI may influence nerve damage, along with the search for possible therapeutic strategies to decrease its impact, are warranted.