Conservation of Biodiversity and Rational Use of Wild Medicinal Plant Resources in the Conditions of Karakalpakstan

Abstract

The biodiversity of wild medicinal plants is under serious threat due to anthropogenic activities, climate change, and unsustainable harvesting practices in Karakalpakstan. This has resulted in a reduction in the population and distribution of several key plant species that are of immense ecological, cultural, and economic importance. This study seeks to investigate the status, efforts toward conservation, and sustainable use of such valuable resources within the framework of local and global priorities for conservation.

These objectives were achieved through the collection of data by field surveys, structured interviews with local communities and traditional healers, and a wide review of literature. Field surveys involved the identification and cataloging of medicinal plant species, together with an assessment of their population density and habitat conditions. The interviews with the members of the community gave information on traditional knowledge and the importance of such plants from a socio-economic perspective, while literature reviews were used to contextualize regional and global challenges.

Results from this study show a decline in the population of key medicinal species such as Glycyrrhiza glabra, Alhagi pseudalhagi, and Ferula foetida, which are among the most utilized species for traditional and commercial purposes. Overharvesting, habitat degradation, and the adverse effects of climate change were identified as the drivers of biodiversity loss. These findings point to the need for immediate intervention to prevent further loss and ensure the sustainable management of the medicinal plant resource base.

This paper presents strategies for the conservation of wild medicinal plant biodiversity and highlights the role of sustainable use. Recommendations given include the establishment of community-based conservation programs, establishing protected areas, and undertaking legal frameworks to regulate wild-harvesting practices. Besides, the study emphasizes increasing public awareness and promoting alternative livelihoods to reduce pressure on wild populations. Addressing these challenges will contribute to the development of a regional framework that can ensure long-term viability and sustainable use of wild medicinal plants in Karakalpakstan.