Study of IL-12 Immune Response and its impact on viral load in Hepatitis B Patients

Abstract

More than 250 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B despite the availability of highly effective vaccines and oral antivirals. Although innate and adaptive immune cells play crucial roles in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, they are also accountable for inflammation and subsequently cause liver pathologies. IL-12 was found first and is effective in combatting a wide range of naturally occurring viral infections through the up regulation of various cytokines to clear the infected cells. Hepatitis B Virus DNA Quantification (“viral load”). Aim of study to show the  importance of measuring the HBV-DNA viral load and  its role for the effective diagnosis and monitoring of hepatitis B. Additionally, they help in the long-term monitoring of the patient's condition to assess their response to treatment or determine if changes to the treatment plan are necessary. The study of IL-12 in hepatitis B (HBV) patients is important for understanding the immune system's role in fighting the virus. IL-12 enhances the response of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, which helps reduce viral replication. The result of viral load  shown that the highest number of patients was found in category 1 (>2000) which was 61 (71.76%) . The result of expression of IL-12 significantly (p=0.002) was up-regulated in the HBV patients as compared to healthy individuals.