Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Iraqi Employees

Abstract

Background: Mental health issues are a growing concern worldwide, particularly in Iraq where decades of conflict have left lasting effects on individuals and communities. Despite this, limited research has been conducted to understand the mental health status of Iraqi employees.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among Iraqi employees and identify factors associated with these conditions.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of 823 adult employees in Iraq was conducted from February 2023 to August2024. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) were used to measure anxiety and depression levels. Statistical analysis was performed to examine the relationships between various risk factors and mental health outcomes

Results: The findings indicate that 43.5% of Iraqi employees experience anxiety, with moderate levels reported among the majority (49%). Depression was found in 28.7%, with mild levels reported among 42.4% of participants. Significantly higher risk differences were observed for females compared to males regarding anxiety (16.2%), and for single individuals compared to married individuals regarding depression (9.9%). Additionally, a 7.5%lower risk of depression was associated with having children. Being a business owner was significantly associated with a 15.6% higher risk of having anxiety compared to government employees. Notably, geographical variations were observed, with the highest prevalence of anxiety reported in Baghdad (55.2%) and lowest in Mosul (26.6%).

Conclusion: The study highlights the need for mental health support services among Iraqi employees, particularly addressing the higher risk factors identified. Interventions targeting female employees, single individuals, business owners and those without children may be effective in reducing anxiety and depression.