Spatial Distribution and Bionomic Characteristics of Anopheles Mosquitoes and Their Role in Plasmodium falciparum Transmission in South Buru District, Maluku: Urban vs Rural Perspectives

Abstract

The WHO estimates that there are 241 million cases of malaria worldwide with the number of deaths reaching 627,000 in 2020. Endemic areas in Indonesia include Regency, South Buru, in 2019 with the number of positive cases of malaria at 111 cases. The cause of malaria is the protozoan parasite of the Plasmodium species  through the female Anopheles mosquito. This study aims to map the bionomic  larvae and anopheles mosquitoes, then capture and identify Anopheles mosquito species, followed by epidemiological analysis based on community groups in rural and urban areas. This study is a descriptive research by conducting a survey and identification of Malaria vectors in South Buru Regency, Maluku Province. Observation and data collection were carried out at the same time. Then the Malaria vector mosquito was caught and the species was identified. Conducting interviews with both community groups to find out the risk factors for malaria events. The resultsof the study showed that  the binomic anopheles mosquitoes in South Buru Regency in  the inland community group based on geographical conditions far from the hilly coast and fields, while the urban community group based on the situation was more distributed on the beach, slope and valley. The Anopheles mosquitoes found in An.Farauti, An.Vagus, An.Flaavirostris, An.Indefinitus, An.Subpictus, An.Tesselatus. Based on interviews and physical examinations of splenomegaly in both community groups, the suspected malaria sufferers are all children, both rural community groups (3 cases) and urban community groups (1 case).