Assessment of femoral access site hematoma formation incidence and risk factors among post cardiac catheterization patients in 2024

Abstract

Background: An invasive cardiovascular procedure's frequent and potentially serious complication is hematoma formation at the femoral access site.

Aims: To assess the incidence and risk factors of hematoma formation at femoral access site among patients post cardiac catheterization.

Design: Descriptive research design was used.

Subject and setting: All available adult patients (200), aged 18-65 years old, from both sexes who were attend to cardiac Catheterization unit at Makkah Hospital, Saudi Arabia for a diagnostic procedures or interventional cardiac catheterization within 6 months’ period.

Tools: two tools were used (I) Patient interview questionnaire, and (II) risk factors assessment list.

Results: Incidence of femoral access hematoma formation over six months was (20%)percentage. Regarding medical data more than half of the studied patients had hypertension (61.5%), majority had a history of previous hospitalization (84.0%), large portion of them performed cardiac catheterization for diagnostic purposes and were smokers (39.0%). Regarding the modifiable risk factors, obesity was the 29(14.5%), position change during compression31(15.5%),Number of artery puncture (25%) Renal dysfunction 19(9.5%),Early ambulation 27(13.5), Use of anticoagulant 17(8.5%). Regarding the non-modifiable risk factors were found among 29(14.5%) of the studied patients who were advanced in age 29(14.5%) and male gender was 27(13%) While, thenon-modifiable risk factors were 14.5 1.5 and 9.5% including advanced age and hypertension among male patients.

Conclusion: There was A hematoma formation among patients after cardiac catheterization. There was correlation between medical data, modifiable risk factors & non-modifiable risk factors.

Recommendations: Developing a standardizing protocol about hemostasis, sheath removal for providing education and training to healthcare providers to identify and manage such risk factors.