Chronic Obesity Disease in Primary Healthcare Management and Prevention

Abstract

Background: In 1997, The World Health Organisation(WHO) considered obesity as a global epidemic. Now, half a billion people suffer from obesity, which reflects a lot of social costs. Sedentary Lifestyle is the main cause of obesity, Some diseases risk increased with the obesity increase, Like: Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer disease,  Asthma and musculoskeletal disorder.

Topics: Obesity diagnosed when BMI 30 kg/m2 or more, obesity rates increased by 27.5% in adults and 47.1% in children, which make WHO activate chronic obesity modules. Obesity is a multifactorial disease such as: genetic, environmental, food quality, medication side effects, diseases and other factors.

Obesity risk isn't only from itself, but from its comorbidities like: cardiovascular disease and strokes, certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, digestive problems, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients with obesity have less work attendance and higher healthcare costs, which have a bad impact on society economically. Childhood obesity is diagnosed when a child has unhealthy weight according to his age and sex, children with obesity have less school attendance.

Truncal obesity is the worst type of obesity as it is more associated with cardiovascular diseases and chronic diseases than other types of obesity. Obesity management's first guideline is lifestyle changes then medications and surgeries. Patients with BMI 25-29.9 without comorbidities, prevention of further weight gain by healthy diet and physical activity rather than weight loss are a suitable target.

Impression: Lifestyle behavior and good food quality is directly proportional with obesity prevention and they are the first guideline in obesity management.